NURSING MCQ on BLOOD ANATOMY (BY- PKCHAWAT
1.To which of the following would the term “white cell” NOT be applied?
A.erythrocyte
B. leucocyte
C. lymphocyte
D.monocyte
Answer is A: An erythrocyte is a red blood cell
2. In the haemostasis process, what forms as a result of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways?
A.fibrin
B. thrombin
C. a platelet plug
D.prothrombinase
Answer is D: The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways form “prothrombinase” (also called prothrombin activator) from factor X.
3. The blood group known as the ABO system is based on the presence of what proteins on blood cells?
A.antibodies
B. antigens
C. agglutinins
D.immunoglobulins
Answer is B: Antigens are on the membrane of the rbc. The other three terms all describe the same thing, antibodies that are circulating in the plasma.
4. What is found in blood serum that is also in blood plasma?
A.blood cells
B. platelets
C. plasma proteins
D.clotting factors
Answer is C: Plasma proteins (except fibrinogen) are in plasma and in serum. Serum = plasma minus the clotting factors. Blood cells and platelets are not in plasma.
5. What is the term “formed elements” used to mean in a description of blood?
A. white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets
B. blood plasma
C. blood serum
D. the clotting factors in blood
Answer is A: Formed elements are the non-liquid or solute parts of the blood.
6. What is the SECOND step in the three phases of haemostasis listed below?
A. The vascular phase
B. The intrinsic pathway
C. The extrinsic pathway
D. The platelet phase
Answer is D: The three phases are: vascular phase, platelet phase, coagulation phase (which, in turn has 3 steps).
7. What type of blood may a patient with blood type “B+” be infused with? Any blood that is
A. positive for rhesus antigen D
B. negative for rhesus antigen D
C. negative for antigen B
D. negative for antigen A
Answer is D: A patient that is B+ may receive B+, B−, O+ or O− blood because those types do not have antigen A in the plasma.
8. What is the first process that occurs after a blood vessel is damaged?
A.coagulation
B. platelet plug formation
C. vasoconstriction
D.haemolysis
Answer is C: Almost immediately (within 2 secs) after a blood vessel is cut the vessel walls contract in a spasm to slow the flow of blood (vessel diameter decreases).
9. Which blood cells are involved in protecting the body from pathogens and foreign cells?
A.erythrocytes
B. leucocytes
C. platelets
D.haemoglobin
Answer is B: Leucocytes (white blood cells) include NK (natural killer), T & B lymphocytes & macrophages & microphages.
10. Which individuals can receive any type of blood and are considered universal recipients? A.A+
B. O−
C. AB+
D.B−
Answer is C: People with AB+ blood do not have agglutinins (antibodies) against A, B, or D in their plasma. Hence can receive any blood without causing the rbc in the donated blood to clump.
11. Which is the most abundant plasma protein?
A. alpha- and beta- globulins
B. albumin
C. mitochondria
D.haemoglobin
Answer is B: About 58 % of plasma proteins are albumins. Haemoglobin is a protein but it is contained within the rbc.
12. Which characteristic of blood refers to the concentration of solutes?
A.salinity
B. pH
C. osmolality
D.viscosity
Answer is C: Osmolality is the number of osmoles (osmol) of solute per kilogram of solvent. (osmolarity (with an “r”) is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per litre of solution).
13. Which type of white blood cell is responsible for engulfing pathogens during phagocytosis?
A.thrombocyte
B. neutrophil
C. erythrocyte
D.basophil
Answer is B: Neutrophils are microphages – phagocytes of bacteria. Thrombocytes and erythrocytes are not wbc.
14. What does “Rhesus positive” refer to?
A. The presence of antigen D on the surface of red blood cells
B. The final factor involved in blood clotting
C. The presence of the rhesus antibody/agglutinin in the blood
D. A deficiency of Factor VIII that results in haemophilia
Answer is A: Rh factor, Rh positive and Rh negative refer to the D antigen only. If the antigen is present on your rbc, you are called Rh-positive (you have the Rh factor).
15. What are red blood cells primarily composed of? 241 12.1 Blood
A. alpha- and beta- globulins
B. albumin
C. mitochondria
D.haemoglobin
Answer is D: About one third of the mass of a rbc is haemoglobin. Choices A & B are plasma proteins and are not in rbc.
16. Which is the LEAST common type of white blood cell?
A.lymphocyte
B. basophil
C. thrombocyte
D.neutrophil
Answer is B: Less than 1 % of wbc are basophils. Neutrophils are the most common. Thrombocytes are not wbc, or even cells.
17. In the process of haemostasis, which phase involves the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways?
A. the platelet phase
B. the clot lysis phase
C. the vascular phase
D. the coagulation phase
Answer is D: The clotting (coagulation phase) has these two pathways.
18. In haemostasis, which molecule polymerises to become the insoluble blood clot?
A.factor X
B. thrombin
C. fibrin
D.plasmin
Answer is C: Fibrin is a monomer that polymerises to form a “soft clot”, then crosslinking between fibrin produces a stable, web-like “hard clot”.
19. Which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin?
A.serotonin
B. thrombin
C. renin
D.secretin
Answer is B: Thrombin is the enzyme. It is not present until prothrombinase converts prothrombin to thrombin.
20. Which of the following is NOT a macrophage?
A.Kupffer cell
B. Monocyte
C.
Answer is D: A megakaryocyte is the cell that produces the membrcovered cell fragments known as platelets. It is not a macrophage. A dendrocyte is also known as a Langerhans cell or a granstein cell.
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